商洛山区主要药用植物土地利用配置初步研究

根据区域土地资源合理利用及生态治理的要求，在调查分析商洛山区基本地貌类型、土地资源现状、特点及水土流失情况和水土保持状况的基础上，对商洛山区重点发展的12种中药材的生境特性、药用部位、土壤要求及其土地利用配置作了初步研究。     

气候暖干化背景下东北地区旱涝时空演变特征

[目的]从旱涝灾害角度探讨气候变化对东北地区的影响,以期充分利用气候资源,为农业领域应对气候变化的对策措施提供理论依据。[方法]统计东北地区1956—2012年50个气象台站的逐月气温、降水资料,通过样条插值法、Mann—Kendall检测及Z指数方法对该区降水及旱涝时空演变特征进行分析。[结果](1)近57a东北地区气候整体呈现暖干化的趋势;(2)半湿润区增温幅度最大,达0.34℃/10a,湿润区相对较低,为0.25℃/10a。半湿润区降水减少趋势最为明显,为-8.82mm/10a。(3)东北全区、半干旱区、半湿润区Z指数变化一致,呈现出"涝—旱—涝—旱"的演变特征。(4)大涝频率高值中心分布于小兴安岭北部和三江平原、嫩江流域北部等;大旱频率高值中心集中分布于东北地区西部。[结论]东北地区气候暖干化的趋势给该区农牧业带来不利影响,受旱地区应及时启动干旱预警紧方案,开展抗旱工作。     

Habitat use of the three-toed woodpecker in central Europe during the breeding period

Considerable differences observed in the home-range size of individual three-toed woodpeckers (Picoides tridactylus) may be linked to variation in resource availability. We used radio-telemetry to test this hypothesis in an alpine mountain forest in southeastern Germany between 1994 and 2000. Stepwise backward multiple-regression showed that adaptive kernel home-range size using 95% use distribution (n=24 woodpeckers) was positively related to forest extent and tree-species diversity. Conversely, we found smaller home ranges with increasing density of potential cavity trees, and with increasing dbh-range of trees at breast height. The habitat variables shown to effect home range selection were attributes of mature boreal forests. This implied that maintaining a boreal-like habitat (i.e. spruce-dominated autochthonous forests including their natural disturbance regime) would be the best option for successful conservation of the alpine subspecies of the three-toed woodpecker.     

吉林省东部山区蓝莓棚式防寒技术的研究

以美登等4个蓝莓品种为试验材料,在吉林省东部山区进行冬季棚式防寒新技术与覆土防寒效果的比较研究,结果表明：棚式防寒较覆土防寒可节约成本4 485元·hm-2,果实产量增加收益12 942元·hm-2,总体收益提高了17 427元·hm-2,经济效益十分显著。     

Surface area processing in GIS for different mountain regions

Surface area is a fundamental parameter derived from terrain analysis in geographical information systems (GIS) for modeling the real world. Therefore, an evaluation of the techniques implemented by GIS models is important in order to obtain reliable area measurements. The study compares two raster-based methods with a TIN-based (triangulated irregular network) method for surface area approximation using a digital elevation model (DEM) with 25 m × 25 m resolution in six mountain regions of Shandong Province, China. Raster-based method Ⅰ calculates surface-area grids from DEMs directly. Eight 3-dimensional triangles connecting the center point of each cell with the center points of the eight surrounding cells are generated and then the areas of the portions of each triangle that lay within the cell boundary are calculated and summed. Raster-based method Ⅱ produces the surface area of each cell directly from the pixel size and the slope value for the pixel. The results demonstrate that the surface areas calculated by raster-based method Ⅰ are equal to those of the TIN-based method. The results of raster-based method Ⅱ are the lowest but the difference in areas between the two raster-based methods decreases with the decrease in terrain complexity. Compared to the method with TINs, raster-based method Ⅱ can do better because it has some advantages, such as neighborhood analysis, more consistent output and faster processing speed. The results also demonstrate that the difference between surface and horizontal areas should be considered if more than 30% of the area of a region has slopes steeper than 18.2 degrees.     

沉香山药用植物资源初步调查

沉香山位于粤西沿海地区,地处重要的南药产地,区内植物资源丰富.经初步调查发现,药用植物种类达406种(其中苏铁蕨、土沉香、金毛狗等属珍稀濒危物种),分属106科;植物的药用范围十分广泛,遍及19大类.     

台湾土石流研究综述

 台湾地狭人稠,平地开发趋于饱和。随着社会经济快速发展,使得山坡地陆续开发,破坏原有之水土保持,且台湾岛之山脉地质大多属沉积岩及变质岩,性质脆弱且易断裂,再加上年平均雨量高达2500mm,其中78%的降雨集中于5—10月的台风季节,因此台湾地区土石流频繁。为了解台湾地区土石流之研究沿革,搜集相关土石流之研究成果,并配合台湾地区重大灾害,分析土石流特性、土石流成分分析、危险评估与重建、抑制工程及现场调查仿真等方面的研究进展。     

中国西部山地旅游资源的基本特征及其开发的限制因素

山地旅游资源是中国西部地区极为重要的一种自然旅游资源 ,从地理学角度对中国西部地区山地旅游资源的基本特征进行了分析 ,认为西部山地旅游资源具有 6个显著的特点 ,并对西部山地旅游资源开发的限制因素及需注意问题进行了初步探讨     

重庆缙云山典型林分土壤结构分形特征

 为了解长江三峡库区森林土壤的物理性质,运用分形原理,研究重庆缙云山4种典型林分林地土壤分形特征,建立土壤结构分维与土壤性质预测模型,运用弹性分析与边际分析,探讨土壤结构分形变化与土壤性质变化的关系。研究表明:土壤机械组成分维、微团聚体组成分维和孔隙组成分维可作为评价土壤结构的指标。不同林分林地土壤颗粒机械组成分维值为2.7～2.9,土壤微团聚体组成分维为2.5～2.8,土壤孔隙组成分维为2.3～2.8。从质地、微团聚体组成和孔隙组成来看,常绿阔叶灌丛土壤结构要明显优于其他林地土壤,而楠竹林最差。不同林分及农地土壤的微团聚体组成、机械颗粒组成和孔隙组成分维与土壤性质存在较明显相关关系,相关系数都在0.5以上。由弹性系数和边际量可以看出,机械分维的影响要大于微团聚体分维和孔隙组分维。这对进一步探讨分形学在土壤结构与土壤性质的应用方面有重要的意义。     

北京山区泥石流与滑坡防治研究

泥石流、滑坡是北京山区常见的山地灾害 ,尤以泥石流灾害最为严重。全市共有泥石流沟 70 0条 ,分布在房山、门头沟、昌平、怀柔、延庆、密云、平谷 7个区县 ,涉及乡镇 6 1个。泥石流、滑坡多次造成人员伤亡和财产损失。防治泥石流、滑坡灾害 ,对改善北京山区环境 ,保护首都水源地等都有着重要意义。